昨天我們介紹了雲端的三種服務模式，今天要接續昨天的雲端定義，來介紹雲端服務的三種部屬模式。
Table of Contents
Deployment Model
NIST 所定義的雲端的部屬模式主要以下這幾種
- Private Cloud (Private Cloud)
- Public Cloud (Public Cloud)
- Hybrid Cloud (Hybrid Cloud)
- Community Cloud (Community Cloud)
有些人也會將混合雲稱之為多雲 (Multi Cloud)
In this context, the description will also be used to reference partsTranslation of the Central University of Finance and Economics network
Private Cloud
Cloud infrastructure is typically managed and operated by the organization itself or a third party, either on-premises or off-premises. In the case of private cloud, the advantages include greater control and security, as well as the ability to manage data and software internally, which reduces the impact of network limitations, security risks, and regulatory constraints, allowing cloud providers and users to have better control over cloud infrastructure, enabling improvements in performance and security.
In short, a company's self-built cloud is usually a private cloud, and users are typically internal staff or other authorized departments.
Community Cloud
Cloud infrastructure is managed and used by multiple stakeholders with shared interests. Community members can jointly use cloud resources and applications, and they share common concerns such as specific responsibilities, security requirements, policies, and compliance considerations. It may be managed by the organization or a third party, and can be deployed either on-premises or off-premises.
This type of model is currently relatively少见.
Public Cloud
Public cloud providers offer infrastructure for large enterprises or major data centers, managed by the service providers themselves, in addition to privacy, they also enable cost efficiency. This allows public cloud users to save on the management of physical servers, as well as the costs and technical expertise required for data centers, power, and cooling systems.
Public cloud is also the most widely recognized cloud type globally. Currently, the three major global public cloud providers are AWS, Google GCP, and Microsoft Azure, with other smaller-scale providers including Oracle Cloud, Tencent, Alibaba, IBM Cloud, and others.
Hybrid Cloud
Public cloud is composed of two or more organizations (private, community, or public), which maintains a single physical infrastructure but is operated under standardized or specialized technical integration, enabling data and application portability. In this model, users typically outsource non-critical data and applications to the public cloud, while retaining control over internal IT infrastructure, services, and data.
Some companies are now beginning to adopt multiple public clouds to avoid placing all their data in a single environment, thus reducing the risk of service disruption due to a single cloud provider's failure.
Typically, designing a hybrid cloud setup requires engineers to have a solid understanding of each cloud endpoint, and since hybrid clouds are more complex to manage, many users prefer using public clouds due to their operational simplicity and reliability across different endpoints.
The above are the four cloud deployment models defined by NIST.
Summary
The cloud deployment models should be relatively easy to understand compared to mandatory requirements, and many readers are likely also familiar with public cloud practices.
This time, the article will focus on the concept of private cloud, guiding everyone step by step to build their own small-scale cloud environment from a real server.
The next article will explain the architecture of this small-scale cloud setup.
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